带测试的 MVP - 第 2 部分（测试 MVP 架构）

2018-07-23 08:00:00 · 飞浪

测试MVP架构测试驱动开发(TDD)是开发行业的事实标准。有人说“如果没有测试，它就是有问题的:-BruceEckel” 在上一篇文章MVP架构中，我们介绍了MVP架构的基础知识，现在

测试 MVP 架构

测试驱动开发 ( TDD ) 是开发行业的事实标准。有人说“如果没有测试，它就是有问题的 :- Bruce Eckel”

在上一篇文章MVP 架构中，我们介绍了 MVP 架构的基础知识，现在本文将介绍 MVP 架构的测试。

使用 Espresso 和 JUnit 测试 MVP

本节分为两部分，使用插桩测试测试 MVP UI，使用 junit 测试测试业务逻辑。本节重点测试项目特定逻辑，而不是测试框架是否正常工作。

测试 MoviePresenter

为了测试演示者的业务逻辑，我们需要模拟 UI 和存储库组件，因此主要重点将放在测试演示者及其与其他组件（如视图和存储库实例）的交互上。要应用模拟，我们将使用 mockito 框架。

设置

在module-name/src/test/java/包下创建的单元测试类在本地 JVM 上运行。这些测试本质上是快速的，并且没有 Android API 交互。

创建测试

要创建本地单元测试或仪表测试，您可以按照以下步骤为特定类或方法创建新的测试：

打开包含要测试的代码的 Java 文件。
单击要测试的类或方法，然后按 Ctrl+Shift+T。
在出现的菜单中，单击创建新测试。
在创建测试对话框中，编辑任何字段并选择要生成的任何方法，然后单击确定。
在“选择目标目录”对话框中，点击与要创建的测试类型相对应的源集：androidTest（用于仪表测试）或 test（用于本地单元测试）。然后点击“确定”。

测试演示者功能

接收用户事件
启动后台线程来检索响应
使用ArgumentCaptor捕获来自后台线程的响应
验证收到响应时模拟视图的行为

一步步解释

使用@Mock注释模拟诸如view和movieRepo之类的实例来测试presenter的完整功能。
带有@Before的方法用于设置测试环境和依赖项，在本例中，设置模拟框架并使用模拟实例初始化演示者。
创建一个argumentCaptor实例来捕获回调接口引用并为模拟视图实例提供响应。
- 创建并传递一个虚拟列表作为响应。
验证视图实例的方法调用是否成功。

MoviePresenterTest.java

      public class MoviePresenterTest {

    private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();

    @Mock // 1
    private MoviesListContract.View view;

    @Mock // 1
    private MovieRepo movieRepo;

    private MoviePresenter presenter;

    @Captor // 3
    private ArgumentCaptor<MoviesListContract.OnResponseCallback> argumentCaptor;

    @Before // 2
    public void setUp(){
        // A convenient way to inject mocks by using the @Mock annotation in Mockito.
        //  For mock injections , initMocks method needs to be called.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

        // get the presenter reference and bind with view for testing
        presenter = new MoviePresenter(view,movieRepo);


    }

    @Test
    public void loadMoviewList() throws Exception {
        presenter.loadMoviewList();
        verify(movieRepo,times(1)).getMovieList(argumentCaptor.capture());
        argumentCaptor.getValue().onResponse(getList());
        verify(view,times(1)).hideProgress();
        ArgumentCaptor<List> entityArgumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
        verify(view).showMovieList(entityArgumentCaptor.capture());

        assertTrue(entityArgumentCaptor.getValue().size() == 10);
    }

    @Test
    public void OnError() throws Exception {
        presenter.loadMoviewList();
        verify(movieRepo,times(1)).getMovieList(argumentCaptor.capture());
        argumentCaptor.getValue().onError("Error");
        ArgumentCaptor<String> argumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(String.class);
        verify(view,times(1)).showLoadingError(argumentCaptor.capture()); // 3
        verify(view).showLoadingError(argumentCaptor.getValue()); // 4
    }

    private List<Movie> getList() {
        ArrayList<Movie> movies = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "IT", Utility.convertStringToDate("2017-10-8"), 7.6, 127, Movie.Type.HORROR));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Jumanji 2", Utility.convertStringToDate("2018-12-20"), 8.3, 111, Movie.Type.ACTION));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "The Dark Knight", Utility.convertStringToDate("2008-07-08"), 9.0, 152, Movie.Type.ACTION));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Inception", Utility.convertStringToDate("2010-07-16"), 8.8, 148, Movie.Type.ACTION));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "The Green Mile", Utility.convertStringToDate("1999-12-10"), 8.5, 189, Movie.Type.DRAMA));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Transcendence", Utility.convertStringToDate("2014-04-18"), 6.3, 120, Movie.Type.FICTION));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Saving Private Ryan", Utility.convertStringToDate("1998-07-24"), 8.6, 169, Movie.Type.DRAMA));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Whiplash", Utility.convertStringToDate("2015-02-20"), 8.5, 117, Movie.Type.DRAMA));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "The Raid", Utility.convertStringToDate("2011-04-13"), 7.6, 111, Movie.Type.ACTION));
            movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Burnt", Utility.convertStringToDate("2015-10-30"), 6.6, 111, Movie.Type.DRAMA));
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return movies;
    }
}
    

测试 MovieListActivity

为了对 UI 执行自动化测试，我们将使用 Espresso 框架执行插桩测试。Espresso 不了解任何异步操作或后台线程。为了让 Espresso 了解您应用的长时间运行的操作，我们将使用CountingIdlingResource。

MoviePresent必须增加空闲资源，以使 Espresso 了解空闲时间，如下所示

      @Override
    public void loadMoviewList() {
        view.showProgress();
        mclient.getMovieList(callback);

        // required for espresso UI testing
        EspressoTestingIdlingResource.increment();
    }
    

并在收到响应时减少它。

使用实用程序类EspressoTestingIdlingResource以静态方式访问空闲资源

      public class EspressoTestingIdlingResource {
    private static final String RESOURCE = "GLOBAL";

    private static CountingIdlingResource mCountingIdlingResource =
            new CountingIdlingResource(RESOURCE);

    public static void increment() {
        mCountingIdlingResource.increment();
    }

    public static void decrement() {
        mCountingIdlingResource.decrement();
    }

    public static IdlingResource getIdlingResource() {
        return mCountingIdlingResource;
    }

}
    

检查存储库中演示者代码的完整实现

一步步解释

在@Before注解的方法中注册空闲资源，让Espresso感知异步延迟。
编写测试来验证正在使用的默认空消息的可见性。
执行用户操作以启动数据检索任务。
检查屏幕上列表的可见性。
单击特定列表项。
验证包含电影详细信息的 toast 消息。

电影列表测试.java

      @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MovieListTest {


    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MoviesListActivity> activityTestRule =
            new ActivityTestRule<>(MoviesListActivity.class);

    /**
     * Register IdlingResource resource to tell Espresso when your app is in an
     * idle state. This helps Espresso to synchronize test actions.
     */

    @Before // 1
    public void registerIdlingResource() {
        IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(EspressoTestingIdlingResource.getIdlingResource());
    }

    /**
     * Unregister your Idling Resource so it can be garbage collected and does not leak any memory.
     */
    @After
    public void unregisterIdlingResource() {
        IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(EspressoTestingIdlingResource.getIdlingResource());
    }

    @Test // 2
    public void checkStaticView() {
        // verify default empty text message
        onView(withId(R.id.swipe_msg_tv)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
        //                                |--------------------------|
        //|----------------------------| find a view | using swipe_msg_tv id
        //check visibility of view on screen <-------|
    }

    @Test
    public void checkRecyclerViewVisibility() {
        // 3. perform swipe
        onView(withId(R.id.swipe_msg_tv)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
        onView(withId(R.id.swipe_container)).perform(swipeDown());

        // verify swipe is displayed
        onView(withId(R.id.swipe_msg_tv)).check(matches(not(isDisplayed())));

        // 4 verify recycler view is displayed
        onView(withId(R.id.movies_recycler_list)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
        // 5 perform click on item at 0th position
        onView(withId(R.id.movies_recycler_list))
                .perform(RecyclerViewActions.actionOnItemAtPosition(0, click()));

        // 6 verify the toast text
        MoviesListActivity activity = activityTestRule.getActivity();
        onView(withText("Title : 'IT' Rating : '7.6'")).
                inRoot(withDecorView(not(is(activity.getWindow().getDecorView())))).
                check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }
}
    

奖金

Robolectric：Robolectric 是一个测试框架，可让您使用任何模拟器测试 Android 框架组件（活动、服务等）。它还能让您控制要测试的组件的生命周期。

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带测试的 MVP - 第 2 部分（测试 MVP 架构）

杭州电子商务研究院

6年前 · 面向社会、服务行业、政产学研结合、整合资源、和谐发展

public class MoviePresenterTest { private static final Random RANDOM = new Random(); @Mock // 1 private MoviesListContract.View view; @Mock // 1 private MovieRepo movieRepo; private MoviePresenter presenter; @Captor // 3 private ArgumentCaptor<MoviesListContract.OnResponseCallback> argumentCaptor; @Before // 2 public void setUp(){ // A convenient way to inject mocks by using the @Mock annotation in Mockito. // For mock injections , initMocks method needs to be called. MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); // get the presenter reference and bind with view for testing presenter = new MoviePresenter(view,movieRepo); } @Test public void loadMoviewList() throws Exception { presenter.loadMoviewList(); verify(movieRepo,times(1)).getMovieList(argumentCaptor.capture()); argumentCaptor.getValue().onResponse(getList()); verify(view,times(1)).hideProgress(); ArgumentCaptor<List> entityArgumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class); verify(view).showMovieList(entityArgumentCaptor.capture()); assertTrue(entityArgumentCaptor.getValue().size() == 10); } @Test public void OnError() throws Exception { presenter.loadMoviewList(); verify(movieRepo,times(1)).getMovieList(argumentCaptor.capture()); argumentCaptor.getValue().onError("Error"); ArgumentCaptor<String> argumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(String.class); verify(view,times(1)).showLoadingError(argumentCaptor.capture()); // 3 verify(view).showLoadingError(argumentCaptor.getValue()); // 4 } private List<Movie> getList() { ArrayList<Movie> movies = new ArrayList<>(); try { movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "IT", Utility.convertStringToDate("2017-10-8"), 7.6, 127, Movie.Type.HORROR)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Jumanji 2", Utility.convertStringToDate("2018-12-20"), 8.3, 111, Movie.Type.ACTION)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "The Dark Knight", Utility.convertStringToDate("2008-07-08"), 9.0, 152, Movie.Type.ACTION)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Inception", Utility.convertStringToDate("2010-07-16"), 8.8, 148, Movie.Type.ACTION)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "The Green Mile", Utility.convertStringToDate("1999-12-10"), 8.5, 189, Movie.Type.DRAMA)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Transcendence", Utility.convertStringToDate("2014-04-18"), 6.3, 120, Movie.Type.FICTION)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Saving Private Ryan", Utility.convertStringToDate("1998-07-24"), 8.6, 169, Movie.Type.DRAMA)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Whiplash", Utility.convertStringToDate("2015-02-20"), 8.5, 117, Movie.Type.DRAMA)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "The Raid", Utility.convertStringToDate("2011-04-13"), 7.6, 111, Movie.Type.ACTION)); movies.add(new Movie(RANDOM.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "Burnt", Utility.convertStringToDate("2015-10-30"), 6.6, 111, Movie.Type.DRAMA)); } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return movies; } }

@Override public void loadMoviewList() { view.showProgress(); mclient.getMovieList(callback); // required for espresso UI testing EspressoTestingIdlingResource.increment(); }

public class EspressoTestingIdlingResource { private static final String RESOURCE = "GLOBAL"; private static CountingIdlingResource mCountingIdlingResource = new CountingIdlingResource(RESOURCE); public static void increment() { mCountingIdlingResource.increment(); } public static void decrement() { mCountingIdlingResource.decrement(); } public static IdlingResource getIdlingResource() { return mCountingIdlingResource; } }

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class MovieListTest { @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MoviesListActivity> activityTestRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MoviesListActivity.class); /** * Register IdlingResource resource to tell Espresso when your app is in an * idle state. This helps Espresso to synchronize test actions. */ @Before // 1 public void registerIdlingResource() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(EspressoTestingIdlingResource.getIdlingResource()); } /** * Unregister your Idling Resource so it can be garbage collected and does not leak any memory. */ @After public void unregisterIdlingResource() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(EspressoTestingIdlingResource.getIdlingResource()); } @Test // 2 public void checkStaticView() { // verify default empty text message onView(withId(R.id.swipe_msg_tv)).check(matches(isDisplayed())); // |--------------------------| //|----------------------------| find a view | using swipe_msg_tv id //check visibility of view on screen <-------| } @Test public void checkRecyclerViewVisibility() { // 3. perform swipe onView(withId(R.id.swipe_msg_tv)).check(matches(isDisplayed())); onView(withId(R.id.swipe_container)).perform(swipeDown()); // verify swipe is displayed onView(withId(R.id.swipe_msg_tv)).check(matches(not(isDisplayed()))); // 4 verify recycler view is displayed onView(withId(R.id.movies_recycler_list)).check(matches(isDisplayed())); // 5 perform click on item at 0th position onView(withId(R.id.movies_recycler_list)) .perform(RecyclerViewActions.actionOnItemAtPosition(0, click())); // 6 verify the toast text MoviesListActivity activity = activityTestRule.getActivity(); onView(withText("Title : 'IT' Rating : '7.6'")). inRoot(withDecorView(not(is(activity.getWindow().getDecorView())))). check(matches(isDisplayed())); } }